A) the immaturity of the parents.
B) inadequate bonding time between parent and child.
C) parental depression or overwhelming stress.
D) low socioeconomic status.
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Multiple Choice
A) As children improve their cognitive skills, they are less frustrated and are therefore less likely to act aggressively.
B) As their egocentrism declines, children are increasingly able to understand other children's thoughts and feelings.
C) Children come to understand that prosocial, altruistic behaviour will accomplish their desires more effectively than aggressive behaviour.
D) The development of dominance hierarchies and the corresponding knowledge of each other's place in the pecking order serve to reduce physical aggression.
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Multiple Choice
A) Beverly's parents explained that she was being punished because it was wrong to take money from her mother's purse without permission.
B) Jarod was punished for fighting even though the other child started the fight.
C) As punishment for their careless mental mistakes during practice, the team had to run five extra laps.
D) Mr. Smith said, "Because I said so!" when his daughters asked why they were forbidden to go to the mall.
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Multiple Choice
A) authoritarian.
B) permissive.
C) enmeshed.
D) authoritative.
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Multiple Choice
A) gender concepts.
B) sex roles.
C) gender constancy theory.
D) gender schema theory.
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True/False
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Multiple Choice
A) be more compliant.
B) have high self-esteem.
C) be independent.
D) all of the above
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True/False
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True/False
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True/False
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Multiple Choice
A) punitive/aversive.
B) hostile/ineffective.
C) positive.
D) consistent.
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Multiple Choice
A) inductive influences
B) rejected by peers
C) aggressive behaviour
D) poor group-entry skills
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Multiple Choice
A) allowing children to develop their own rules of behaviour
B) providing parental models of altruistic behaviour
C) having children do helpful things
D) creating a loving and warm family environment
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Multiple Choice
A) Divorce reduces the financial and emotional resources available to support children, but does not affect the percentage that go on to post-secondary education.
B) Divorce increases the likelihood that the family climate will shift away from authoritative parenting.
C) Divorce does not cause long-lasting disruption in family functioning.
D) Divorce terminates children's attachment bonds with the parent who leaves the home.
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Multiple Choice
A) 38%
B) 72%
C) 50%
D) 77%
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