Question 1

Tiffany is researching methods used to treat autism spectrum disorders and begins by searching on the Internet.Which statement should make her suspicious that she is on a site rooted in pseudoscience?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​The entire website is plastered with testimonials from family members that describe seemingly miraculous cures.
B)  The site contains links to research published in peer-reviewed journals that evaluate the treatment method.
C)  The treatment methods described on the site are clearly defined, as are the expected outcomes.
D)  ​The site provides clear explanations of how the treatment methods are tied to existing theories of the causes of autism.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 2

Pseudoscience is based on objective,empirical evidence.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The mode of inquiry that is called the method of faith is a variant of which other method of inquiry?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​empiricism
B)  ​rationalism
C)  the method of authority
D)  ​the scientific methodE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 4

One difference between a scientific answer and answers gained by other methods is that the scientific answer is more likely to be an absolute or final answer.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

What kind of reasoning uses a general statement to make conclusions about specific examples?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​inductive
B)  ​deductive
C)  scientific
D)  ​predictiveE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

Describe how the rational method and the method of empiricism are both utilized as parts of the scientific method.

Accepted Answer

The rational method is used to develop a...

Question 7

An explanation is rational if it is based on ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​widely held beliefs
B)  ​logical deductions
C)  evidence of the senses
D)  ​respect for the source of the explanationE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

Based on observations of his own children,Jean Piaget formed a theory about the cognitive development of all children.This is an example of ____ reasoning.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​inductive
B)  ​deductive
C)  practical
D)  ​predictiveE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 9

A limitation of using the method of empiricism is that ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​people are generally not very good at reasoning
B)  ​while perception is typically accurate, sensation is not
C)  the process can be time consuming and often risky
D)  ​there is no mechanism for validating conclusionsE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

You have dinner reservations at 7:30 at a restaurant that is 30 minutes away and it is already 7:20,leading you to conclude that you are going to be late.This is an example of using the empirical method.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

A student who believes that his or her performance on tests is influenced by wearing a lucky hat is using the method of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​empiricism
B)  ​faith
C)  tenacity
D)  ​authorityE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Finding the address and phone number of a restaurant by Googling the name of the restaurant is an example of using the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​empirical method
B)  ​rational method
C)  method of authority
D)  ​scientific methodE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 13

Based on a few students whom you know,you decide that art majors wear funky clothes and that physics majors tend to be nerds.This is an example of inductive reasoning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

When people make an observation,then form a hypothesis that explains the observation,and then make more observations to test the credibility of the hypothesis,they are using the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​empirical method
B)  ​rational method
C)  scientific method
D)  ​method of authorityE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 15

What is meant by the saying,"science is empirical?"

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Scientific answers are based on direct observation.
B)  ​Scientific answers are based on deductive reasoning.
C)  Scientific answers are based on inductive reasoning.
D)  ​Scientific answers are made available for evaluation by others.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 16

Last year Tomas and his friend Jamie were both too short to ride the rollercoaster.Jamie went to the park this year and was tall enough to ride.Because Tomas is taller than Jamie,he thinks that he will be able to ride the rollercoaster as well.Tomas is using the ____ to answer his question.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​method of empiricism
B)  ​rational method
C)  method of authority
D)  ​scientific methodE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 17

Humans who participate in a research study are properly called research subjects.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

If the scientific method is being used to evaluate a hypothesis predicting a specific relationship between two variables,then it is essential that both variables can be measured.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The method of tenacity is a nonscientific way of knowing.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which potential problem can occur the rational method is used?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​People are not necessarily very good at logical reasoning.
B)  ​While useful for minor issues, this method is inadequate for important matters.
C)  There is no mechanism for testing the accuracy of the claims.
D)  ​This method typically requires preconceived assumptions.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Exam 1: Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method.

Pseudoscience is based on objective,empirical evidence.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A student who believes that his or her performance on tests is influenced by wearing a lucky hat is using the method of ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What kind of reasoning uses a general statement to make conclusions about specific examples?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is meant by the saying,"science is empirical?"

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe how the rational method and the method of empiricism are both utilized as parts of the scientific method.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe rational method is used to develop a...View AnswerShow Answer

Humans who participate in a research study are properly called research subjects.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Last year Tomas and his friend Jamie were both too short to ride the rollercoaster.Jamie went to the park this year and was tall enough to ride.Because Tomas is taller than Jamie,he thinks that he will be able to ride the rollercoaster as well.Tomas is using the ____ to answer his question.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An explanation is rational if it is based on ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on a few students whom you know,you decide that art majors wear funky clothes and that physics majors tend to be nerds.This is an example of inductive reasoning.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on observations of his own children,Jean Piaget formed a theory about the cognitive development of all children.This is an example of ____ reasoning.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The mode of inquiry that is called the method of faith is a variant of which other method of inquiry?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The method of tenacity is a nonscientific way of knowing.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One difference between a scientific answer and answers gained by other methods is that the scientific answer is more likely to be an absolute or final answer.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Finding the address and phone number of a restaurant by Googling the name of the restaurant is an example of using the ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tiffany is researching methods used to treat autism spectrum disorders and begins by searching on the Internet.Which statement should make her suspicious that she is on a site rooted in pseudoscience?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You have dinner reservations at 7:30 at a restaurant that is 30 minutes away and it is already 7:20,leading you to conclude that you are going to be late.This is an example of using the empirical method.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A limitation of using the method of empiricism is that ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When people make an observation,then form a hypothesis that explains the observation,and then make more observations to test the credibility of the hypothesis,they are using the ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the scientific method is being used to evaluate a hypothesis predicting a specific relationship between two variables,then it is essential that both variables can be measured.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which potential problem can occur the rational method is used?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The rational method is used to develop a...
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