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Exam 13: Processes of Evolution

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Question 41

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​A small Dutch population settled in South Africa in the 17th century and became known as Afrikaners. By chance, a few Dutch settlers carried the gene for Huntington's disease. Today, Huntington's disease occurs at a relatively high frequency in this population. This is an example of ____.

A) ​the bottleneck effect
B) ​the founder effect
C) ​gene flow
D) ​artificial selection
E) ​natural selection

F) C) and E)
G) B) and E)

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Question 42

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​What is the original source of new alleles?

A) ​crossing over
B) ​independent assortment
C) ​fertilization
D) ​mutation
E) ​mitosis

F) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

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Question 43

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For each statement, select the best choice that represents the description given. -the presence of antlers on male deer but not on female deer A)character B)clade C)cladistics D)microevolution E)dimorphism F)phylogeny G)balanced polymorphism H)cladogram I)fixed allele

​_____ are hot spots for the evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their spread to humans due to excessive use of antibiotics.

​Match the evolutionary concepts correctly with the correct description or example. Some choices may be used more than once. -​A small population of humans colonize a deserted island and most of them have attached earlobes. One hundred years later, the colony consists of 550 people, all of whom have attached earlobes. A)​reproductive isolation B)​sexual selection C)​directional selection D)​disruptive selection E)​genetic drift F)founder effect​ G)​gene flow H)​stabilizing selection

A 2013 investigation found "worrisome" amounts of ____ in 97 percent of the chicken meat in stores across the United States.

​Many male birds will expend a great deal of energy building nests. Females will mate with the males who build the best nests. This is best described as an example of ____.

​Traits with more than two distinct forms are ____.

​With ____ selection, the frequency of a favored allele will increase as a phenotypic variation becomes more adaptive.

​Hawaiian honeycreepers exhibit diverse beaks that allow them to feed on insects, flowers, and seeds in their different habitats. This is an example of ____.

​Match the evolutionary concepts correctly with the correct description or example. Some choices may be used more than once. -​The migration of bison from one herd to another results in this. A)​reproductive isolation B)​sexual selection C)​directional selection D)​disruptive selection E)​genetic drift F)founder effect​ G)​gene flow H)​stabilizing selection

____ is the study of a species' evolutionary history.

Match the evolutionary concepts correctly with the correct description or example. Some choices may be used more than once. -The genitals of snakes are analogous to a lock and key mechanism-the "keys" will only fit in certain "locks." A)reproductive isolation B)sexual selection C)directional selection D)disruptive selection E)genetic drift F)founder effect G)gene flow H)stabilizing selection

In a tropical forest, some leaves are dark green, and some are light green. In a population of caterpillars, homozygous dominant dark green caterpillars thrive eating the dark green foliage, while homozygous recessive light green caterpillars thrive eating light green foliage. However, heterozygous caterpillars of an intermediate color green are easily seen by birds and eaten, thus their numbers are far less than the dominants or recessives. This is an example of ____ selection.

Overhunting of the northern elephant seals left only 20 individuals, from which the modern population arose. As a result, each animal is most likely ____ for most alleles.

Matching For each statement, select the graph that best represents the mode of selection described. ​ -directional selection-the form of a trait at one end of a range of variation is adaptive. A)A B)B C)C D)D

For each statement, select the genetic evolutionary concept that best represents the description. -change in allele frequency due to chance alone A)genetic drift B)inbreeding C)bottleneck D)founder effect E)fixed F)gene flow

​In the case of the cichlid fish in Lake Victoria, ____ was the driving force of speciation.

​Environmental pressures result in a(n) ____ of adaptive alleles.

​The observation that female lions prefer male lions with darker manes is an example of ____.