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A consumer's external social environment includes


A) impulse,habitual,and limited problem-solving processes.
B) functional and psychological needs.
C) universal,retrieval,and evoked sets.
D) cognitive,affective,and behavioral environments.
E) family,reference groups,and culture.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Christopher bought Timberland boots because he felt they were perfect for his outdoor activities.Patrick bought the same kind of boots because he felt they were stylish,especially with the logo clearly visible.The psychological factor driving Patrick's behavior is


A) a functional need.
B) lifestyle.
C) his universal set.
D) learned behavior.
E) his evoked set.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Thanh has to decide which college to attend.This is the most important,riskiest,and most expensive decision she has ever made.She will be engaged in


A) low-involvement decision making.
B) extended problem solving.
C) habitual decision making.
D) prepurchase dissonance.
E) limited problem solving.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Before going on his first business trip to China,Brad asked his Chinese American friend to advise him on customs and values common among the Chinese businesspeople he will likely encounter.Brad is trying to avoid __________ business blunders.


A) reference group
B) situational
C) cultural
D) cognitive
E) evoked

F) None of the above
G) A) and D)

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Most firms maintain customer complaint services online,in the store,or over the telephone.Firms attempt to respond quickly to complaints,hoping to


A) get themselves into the universal set.
B) reduce the cost of postpurchase advertising.
C) minimize negative word of mouth and rumors.
D) extend decision rules to the customer complaint desk.
E) offset performance risk with financial risk.

F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

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Why is it dangerous for marketers to set unrealistically high consumer expectations?

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Setting unrealistically high consumer ex...

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For which of the following purchases would consumers most likely engage in limited problem solving?


A) college courses
B) a new car
C) a home
D) coffee to go,for a regular coffee drinker
E) a location for a large wedding reception

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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What is the difference between a functional need and a psychological need? How can getting a college education fulfill both types of needs?

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A functional need relates to product per...

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For years Mark sold new cars,but he and his wife recently grew tired of city life and moved to a beach town.Now he sells costume jewelry (made by his wife)at an open-air market near the ocean.To be successful,what will Mark have to recognize about the difference between consumers' problem solving processes for cars and costume jewelry?

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Most consumers engage in an ex...

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Jordana is buying a laptop computer to take on trips.Although she has looked at several brands,she refuses to buy a computer that weighs more than five pounds.Jordana is basing her decision on


A) a compensatory decision rule.
B) a noncompensatory decision rule.
C) habitual decision making.
D) social factors.
E) temporal factors.

F) B) and E)
G) All of the above

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When Magda decided to buy a new computer,she considered all the brands she could recall seeing advertised.This represents Magda's __________ set.


A) universal
B) retrieval
C) evoked
D) deterministic
E) behavioral

F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

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Before flying,Jaden researches the types of planes the airline uses,scans the plane for defects as it taxis up to the terminal,and follows the pilot and crew as they come through the airport.He has no experience as a pilot or airplane mechanic.Jaden probably has a misguided sense of his


A) postpurchase dissonance.
B) locus of control.
C) reference group identification.
D) attribute sets.
E) social risk.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Some websites allow consumers to shop while getting opinions from online friends.Which of the influences on the consumer buying process does this represent?


A) psychological
B) social
C) situational
D) motives
E) perception

F) All of the above
G) C) and E)

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Generally,people buy one product or service instead of another because they perceive it to be a better value.

A) True
B) False

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Often political candidates position themselves as "outsiders," not part of the establishment.These candidates assume that voters have a negative attitude toward incumbent politicians (i.e.,those currently in office).Describe three components of attitudes voters might have toward incumbent politicians.

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The three components are: Cogn...

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Vladimir decided not to purchase the iPod shuffle because he didn't think it would hold all of his songs.Vladimir was using his assessment of the iPod shuffle's financial risk in making his decision.

A) True
B) False

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When the floor rusted through on her old car,Kelly knew she had a problem.Logically,Kelly's next step in the consumer decision process would be to


A) identify her need.
B) search for information about cars.
C) evaluate alternatives.
D) purchase a new car.
E) assess her satisfaction with the car she purchased.

F) B) and C)
G) D) and E)

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A key to successful marketing is determining how to meet the correct balance of __________ needs that best appeals to the firm's target markets.


A) functional and social
B) postpurchase and prepurchase
C) safety and situational
D) psychological and physiological
E) functional and psychological

F) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

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After Sharon graduated from college,she found a steady and well-paying job,got married and began to raise a family,and began to receive recognition at work and in the community.Eventually,she began to devote more time and effort to intellectual and aesthetic pursuits.Sharon is moving up to which level on Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?


A) self-fulfillment
B) self-esteem
C) self-confidence
D) self-actualization

E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

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The greater the discrepancy between a consumer's __________,the greater the consumer's need recognition will be.


A) financial risk and performance risk
B) search for alternatives and alternatives found
C) needy state and desired state
D) universal set and evoked set
E) external and internal information search

F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

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