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All of the following are longitudinal course specifiers for recurrent mania or depression EXCEPT


A) previous history of dysthymia.
B) presence of psychotic features.
C) previous history of cyclothymia.
D) full recovery between manic and depressive episodes.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Although grieving is considered a normal process,it does sometimes become a psychological disorder.Which of the following cases would NOT be diagnosed as a pathological grief reaction?


A) Mr. A experienced a death in his family. In addition to symptoms of depression, he has been having auditory hallucinations in which he hears other deceased people talking to him.
B) Miss B. has experienced the death of a close friend. She is so depressed that she has no appetite, no energy, and is suicidal.
C) Mrs. C's dog recently died. Three weeks later, her friends suggest that she get another dog "to help her get over the loss." Mrs. C. refuses and says she just isn't ready to get another dog and besides, it would be impossible to replace her beloved "Toto."
D) Dr. D's wife died a few months ago. Recently, in addition to his depressive symptoms, he has been having paranoid delusions in which he believes that certain unnamed individuals are planning to remove his wife's body from the grave.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Jane is diagnosed with bipolar II disorder.You can expect that she will experience


A) full manic episodes.
B) hypomanic episodes.
C) both manic and hypomanic episodes.
D) neither manic nor hypomanic episodes.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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A 35-year-old individual named Manny has recently formulated an elaborate plan to cure AIDS with vitamin therapy.To provide funding for this cause,he has withdrawn all the money from his bank account and purchased thousands of jars of vitamins and small boxes in which to put them.When he appeared at a hospital emergency room loudly demanding names of patients with AIDS,he himself was hospitalized for psychiatric observation.What is your diagnosis of Manny?


A) Major depressive episode
B) Hypomanic episode
C) Manic episode
D) Postpartum psychosis

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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In regard to the relationship between stress and depression,all of the following statements are true EXCEPT


A) the context of the life event, as well as its meaning to the individual, is more important than the nature of the event itself.
B) an individual's current mood state might distort earlier memories of stressful life events that precipitated the depression.
C) stressful life events are strongly related to the onset of mood disorders.
D) recurrent episodes of depression, but not initial episodes, are strongly predicted by major life stress.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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According to recent research (Kessler et al.,2003) ,the percentage of people aged 18 to 29 that have already experienced major depression is _______.


A) 10%
B) 18%
C) 25%
D) 40%

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following is a well-known and widely used selective serotonergic reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) ?


A) Prozac
B) Valium
C) Hypericum
D) Thorazine

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Jack has experienced recurrent episodes of major depressive episodes.In the intervals between the episodes,he does not seem to return to "normal." In fact,during those periods,he has been diagnosed as dysthymic.Jack's condition is referred to as _______________.


A) double depression
B) bipolar disorder
C) atypical depression
D) dysfunctional dysthymia

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Mood disorders can range from mild to severe; the most severe type of depression is called


A) major depressive disorder
B) dysthymia.
C) cyclothymia.
D) profound depression.

E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Bipolar II disorder is characterized by major depressive episodes alternating with _______________,while bipolar I disorder is characterized by alternating episodes of major depression and _______________.


A) mania; hypomania
B) hypomanic episodes; mania
C) dysthymia; cyclothymic disorder
D) periods of remission; hypomania

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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In Aaron Beck's depressive cognitive triad,individuals think negatively about all of the following EXCEPT ________.


A) themselves
B) their immediate world
C) their past
D) their future

E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Common side effects of antidepressants include


A) weight gain.
B) constipation.
C) dry mouth.
D) all of the above

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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In regard to most disorders,serotonin is thought to


A) function independently of other transmitters.
B) regulate norepinephrine and dopamine.
C) be unrelated to symptoms.
D) none of the above

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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All of the following statements about lithium therapy are true EXCEPT


A) lithium is an antidepressant.
B) lithium is a mood-stabilizing drug.
C) dosage must be carefully regulated to prevent toxicity.
D) The side effects of lithium are less serious than those of other antidepressants.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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Mack almost always draws conclusions from situations that emphasize the negative rather than the positive.This is an example of


A) overgeneralization.
B) learned helplessness.
C) delta commentary.
D) arbitrary inference.

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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Debbie has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder,recurrent.She wants to know what to expect in the future regarding her condition.You tell her that according to recent research (Angst 1998,Angst and Preizig,1996) ,the median lifetime number of major depressive episodes is _____.


A) 4-7
B) 8-11
C) 12-15
D) 16-19

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Bipolar disorder


A) appears to occur independent of external events.
B) may be triggered by a traumatic event and maintained through some psychological mechanism.
C) is seen in a majority of adults who experienced severe early childhood trauma.
D) is diagnosed most frequently in geographic areas of extreme temperatures.

E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

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Jenny has experienced long-standing feelings of depression that have never interfered with her productivity or functioning until now.During the past 10 days,she has experienced a depressed mood,feelings of emptiness,and a significant weight loss.Jenny confided in a neighbor that she is considering suicide.It is likely that Jenny is suffering from


A) major depressive disorder, single episode.
B) major depressive disorder, recurrent.
C) double depression.
D) dysthymia with depressive episode.

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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Possible reasons for the higher rates of depression found in women include all of the following EXCEPT


A) culturally induced dependence and passivity.
B) sense of uncontrollability and helplessness.
C) low value placed on intimate relationships.
D) self-blame for being depressed.

E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

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A woman who is extremely depressed a year or so after the loss of her spouse might be diagnosed with ___________.


A) normal bereavement
B) dysthymia
C) major depression
D) complicated grief

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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