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Exam 3: Basic Logical Concepts

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Question 41

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Arguments based on mathematics are always inductive.

A) True
B) False

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Question 42

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A strong argument necessarily has _____.

A) probably true premises
B) probably true premises and a probably true conclusion
C) None of the answers are correct
D) a probably true conclusion

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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Question 43

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"On Monday, Regina went to Kentucky Fried Chicken for lunch. On Wednesday, she went to Burger King for lunch. On Thursday, she went to the Hungry Heifer Steakhouse for lunch. So, Regina is probably not a vegetarian." This illustrates a(n) _____.

A cogent argument may have a probably false conclusion.

An argument in which the conclusion follows necessarily from the premises is a(n) _____.

Modus ponens is a logically reliable pattern of reasoning.

A chain argument is a type of hypothetical syllogism.

A deductive argument whose premises are all true but the conclusion is false is most likely _____.

The following example is a hypothetical syllogism: "No dogs are reptiles. Some dogs are German Shepherds. So, no German Shepherds are reptiles."

In an "argument from definition," the conclusion is presented as being true by definition.

The argument "Either I can fix you the same old potatoes or I can fix you some delicious fried okra; I know you don't want to have the same old potatoes; so, I'll fix you some delicious fried okra" is an example of _____.

Arguments that try to prove their conclusions with rigorous, inescapable logic are _____ arguments.

Some inductive arguments are stronger than others.

If an arguer precedes his or her conclusion with the phrase "it must be the case that," then the argument is definitely deductive.

A syllogism is an argument that consists of exactly two premises and a conclusion.

Which of the following statements is true about deductive reasoning?

The argument "If Denise plays first base, then Laura plays shortstop; if Laura plays shortstop, then Tess plays catcher; so, if Denise plays first base, then Tess plays catcher" is a(n) _____.

An "argument from authority" asserts a claim and then supports that claim by citing some presumed authority or witness who has said that the claim is true.

All cogent arguments _____.

The argument "No rappers are opera singers; no opera singers are professional wrestlers; so, no rappers are professional wrestlers" is an example of _____.