Question 1

Occlusion of the left anterior descending artery during a myocardial infarction would interrupt blood supply to which structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  Left and right ventricles and much of the interventricular septum
B)  Left atrium and the lateral wall of the left ventricle
C)  Upper right ventricle, right marginal branch, and right ventricle to the apex
D)  Posterior interventricular sulcus and the smaller branches of both ventriclesE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 2

What physical sign does the healthcare professional relate to the result of turbulent blood flow through a vessel?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased blood pressure during periods of stress
B)  Bounding pulse felt on palpation
C)  Cyanosis observed on exertion
D)  Murmur heard on auscultationE) A) and B)
F) A) and C) D

Question 3

The right lymphatic duct drains into which structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Right subclavian artery
B)  Right atrium
C)  Right subclavian vein
D)  Superior vena cavaE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 4

The cardiac electrical impulse normally begins spontaneously in the sinoatrial (SA)  node because of what reason?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has a superior location in the right atrium.
B)  It is the only area of the heart capable of spontaneous depolarization.
C)  It has rich sympathetic innervation via the vagus nerve.
D)  It depolarizes more rapidly than other automatic cells of the heart.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 5

Reflex control of total cardiac output and total peripheral resistance is controlled by what mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parasympathetic stimulation of the heart, arterioles, and veins
B)  Sympathetic stimulation of the heart, arterioles, and veins
C)  Autonomic control of the heart only
D)  Somatic control of the heart, arterioles, and veinsE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 6

A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who has continuous increases in left ventricular filing pressures. What disorder would the professional assess the patient for?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mitral regurgitation
B)  Mitral stenosis
C)  Pulmonary edema
D)  Jugular vein distentionE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 7

A patient has a disorder affecting ventricular depolarization. What ECG finding would the healthcare professional associate with this condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Shortened PR interval
B)  Prolonged QRS interval
C)  QT interval variability
D)  Absence of P wavesE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 8

What is the major effect of a calcium channel blocker such as verapamil on cardiac contractions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increases the rate of cardiac contractions
B)  Decreases the strength of cardiac contractions
C)  Stabilizes the rhythm of cardiac contractions
D)  Stabilizes the vasodilation during cardiac contractionsE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 9

A healthcare professional tells a student that a patient has lost atrial kick. What would the student expect to see when examining this patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Improvement in atrial dysrhythmias
B)  Increased blood pressure
C)  Signs of decreased cardiac output
D)  Elevations in serum troponin levelsE) A) and C)
F) B) and C) C

Question 10

The resting heart rate in a healthy person is primarily under the control of which nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sympathetic
B)  Parasympathetic
C)  Somatic
D)  SpinalE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

During the cardiac cycle, which structure directly delivers action potential to the ventricular myocardium?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sinoatrial (S
A)   node
B)  Atrioventricular (AV)  node
C)  Purkinje fibers
D)  Bundle branchesE) None of the above
F) B) and D) C

Question 12

During the cardiac cycle, why do the aortic and pulmonic valves close after the ventricles relax?

Accepted Answer

A)  Papillary muscles relax, which allows the valves to close.
B)  Chordae tendineae contract, which pulls the valves closed.
C)  Reduced pressure in the ventricles creates a negative pressure, which pulls the valves closed.
D)  Blood fills the cusps of the valves and causes the edges to merge, closing the valves.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 13

What is the major determinant of the resistance that blood encounters as it flows through the systemic circulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Volume of blood in the systemic circulation
B)  Muscle layer of the metarterioles
C)  Muscle layer of the arterioles
D)  Force of ventricular contractionE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

The healthcare professional explains to a student that the amount of volume of blood in the heart is directly related to the _____ of contraction.

Accepted Answer

A)  Pressure
B)  Strength
C)  Viscosity
D)  SpeedE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

A patient has a problem with Phase 0 of the cardiac cycle. What electrolyte imbalance would the healthcare professional associate most directly with this problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyperkalemia
B)  Hyponatremia
C)  Hypercalcemia
D)  HypomagnesemiaE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

The Bainbridge reflex is thought to be initiated by sensory neurons in which cardiac location?

Accepted Answer

A)  Atria
B)  Aorta
C)  Sinoatrial (S
A)   node
D)  VentriclesE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 17

What is the process that ensures mitral and tricuspid valve closure after the ventricles are filled with blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chordae tendineae relax, which allows the valves to close.
B)  Increased pressure in the ventricles pushes the valves to close.
C)  Trabeculae carneae contract, which pulls the valves closed.
D)  Reduced pressure in the atria creates a negative pressure that pulls the valves closed.E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 18

Where are the coronary ostia located?

Accepted Answer

A)  Left ventricle
B)  Aortic valve
C)  Coronary sinus
D)  AortaE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 19

Within a physiologic range, what does an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume (preload)  result in?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increase in force of contraction
B)  Decrease in refractory time
C)  Increase in afterload
D)  Decrease in repolarizationE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 20

Which chamber of the heart endures the highest pressures?

Accepted Answer

A)  Right atrium
B)  Left atrium
C)  Left ventricle
D)  Right ventricleE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Exam 32: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Occlusion of the left anterior descending artery during a myocardial infarction would interrupt blood supply to which structures?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What physical sign does the healthcare professional relate to the result of turbulent blood flow through a vessel?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

The right lymphatic duct drains into which structure?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The cardiac electrical impulse normally begins spontaneously in the sinoatrial (SA) node because of what reason?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Reflex control of total cardiac output and total peripheral resistance is controlled by what mechanism?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who has continuous increases in left ventricular filing pressures. What disorder would the professional assess the patient for?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A patient has a disorder affecting ventricular depolarization. What ECG finding would the healthcare professional associate with this condition?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the major effect of a calcium channel blocker such as verapamil on cardiac contractions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A healthcare professional tells a student that a patient has lost atrial kick. What would the student expect to see when examining this patient?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

The resting heart rate in a healthy person is primarily under the control of which nervous system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During the cardiac cycle, which structure directly delivers action potential to the ventricular myocardium?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

During the cardiac cycle, why do the aortic and pulmonic valves close after the ventricles relax?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the major determinant of the resistance that blood encounters as it flows through the systemic circulation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The healthcare professional explains to a student that the amount of volume of blood in the heart is directly related to the _____ of contraction.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A patient has a problem with Phase 0 of the cardiac cycle. What electrolyte imbalance would the healthcare professional associate most directly with this problem?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Bainbridge reflex is thought to be initiated by sensory neurons in which cardiac location?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the process that ensures mitral and tricuspid valve closure after the ventricles are filled with blood?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Where are the coronary ostia located?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Within a physiologic range, what does an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume (preload) result in?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which chamber of the heart endures the highest pressures?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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C

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C

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