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During the coming year, Gold & Gold wants to increase its free cash flow by $180 million, which should result in a higher stock price. The CFO has made these projections for the upcoming year: . EBIT is projected to equal $850 million. . Gross capital expenditures are expected to total to $360 million versus depreciation of $120 million, so its net capital expenditures should total $240 million. . The tax rate is 40%. . There will be no changes in cash or marketable securities, nor will there be any changes in notes payable or accruals. What increase in net working capital (in millions of dollars) would enable the firm to meet its target increase in FCF?


A) $72
B) $90
C) $108
D) $130
E) $156

F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

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When deciding whether or not to take a cash discount, the cost of borrowing from a bank or other source should be compared to the cost of trade credit to determine if the cash discount should be taken.

A) True
B) False

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Kiley Corporation had the following data for the most recent year (in millions) . The new CFO believes (1) that an improved inventory management system could lower the average inventory by $4,000, (2) that improvements in the credit department could reduce receivables by $2,000, and (3) that the purchasing department could negotiate better credit terms and thereby increase accounts payable by $2,000. Furthermore, she thinks that these changes would not affect either sales or the costs of goods sold. If these changes were made, by how many days would the cash conversion cycle be lowered?  Orignal  Revised  Annual sales: unchanged $110,000$110,000 Cost of goods sold: unchanged $80,000$80,000 Average inventory: lowered by $4,000$20,000$16,000 Average receivables: lowered by $2,000$16,000$14,000 Average payables: increased by $2,000$10,000$12,000 Days in year 365365\begin{array}{lrrr} & \text { Orignal } & & \text { Revised } \\\text { Annual sales: unchanged } & \$ 110,000 & & \$ 110,000 \\\text { Cost of goods sold: unchanged } & \$ 80,000 & & \$ 80,000 \\\text { Average inventory: lowered by } \$ 4,000 & \$ 20,000 & & \$ 16,000 \\\text { Average receivables: lowered by } \$ 2,000 & \$ 16,000 & & \$ 14,000 \\\text { Average payables: increased by } \$ 2,000 & \$ 10,000 & & \$ 12,000 \\\text { Days in year } & 365 & & 365\end{array}


A) 34.0
B) 37.4
C) 41.2
D) 45.3
E) 49.8

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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The maturity of most bank loans is short term. Bank loans to businesses are frequently made as 90-day notes which are often rolled over, or renewed, rather than repaid when they mature. However, if the borrower's financial situation deteriorates, then the bank may refuse to roll over the loan.

A) True
B) False

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An increase in any current asset must be accompanied by an equal increase in some current liability.

A) True
B) False

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If one of your firm's customers is "stretching" its accounts payable, this may be a nuisance but it does not represent a real financial cost to your firm as long as the customer periodically pays off its entire balance.

A) True
B) False

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Data on Nathan Enterprises for the most recent year are shown below, along with the days sales outstanding of the firms against which it benchmarks. The firm's new CFO believes that the company could reduce its receivables enough to reduce its DSO to the benchmarks' average. If this were done, by how much would receivables decline? Use a 365-day year.  Sales $110,000 Accounts receivable $16,000 Days sales outstanding (DSO)  53.09 Benchmark days sales outstanding (DSO)  20.00\begin{array}{lr}\text { Sales } & \$ 110,000 \\\text { Accounts receivable } & \$ 16,000 \\\text { Days sales outstanding (DSO) } & 53.09 \\\text { Benchmark days sales outstanding (DSO) } & 20.00\end{array}


A) $8,078
B) $8,975
C) $9,973
D) $10,970
E) $12,067

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

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Sanders Enterprises arranged a revolving credit agreement of $9,000,000 with a group of banks. The firm paid an annual commitment fee of 0.5% of the unused balance of the loan commitment. On the used portion of the revolver, it paid 1.5% above prime for the funds actually borrowed on a simple interest basis. The prime rate was 3.25% during the year. If the firm borrowed $6,000,000 immediately after the agreement was signed and repaid the loan at the end of one year, what was the total dollar annual cost of the revolver?


A) $285,000
B) $300,000
C) $315,000
D) $330,750
E) $347,288

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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Whitson Co. is looking for ways to shorten its cash conversion cycle. It has annual sales of $36,500,000, or $100,000 a day on a 365-day basis. The firm's cost of goods sold is 75% of sales. On average, the company has $9,000,000 in inventory and $8,000,000 in accounts receivable. Its CFO has proposed new policies that would result in a 20% reduction in both average inventories and accounts receivable. She also anticipates that these policies would reduce sales by 10%, while the payables deferral period would remain unchanged at 35 days. What effect would these policies have on the company's cash conversion cycleσ Round to the nearest whole day.


A) $26 days
B) $22 days
C) $18 days
D) $14 days
E) $11 days

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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The calculated cost of trade credit for a firm that buys on terms of 2/10 net 30 is lower (other things held constant) if the firm plans to pay in 40 days than in 30 days.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following statements is NOT CORRECT?


A) credit policy has an impact on working capital because it influences both sales and the time before receivables are collected.
B) the cash budget is useful to help estimate future financing needs, especially the need for short-term working capital loans.
C) if a firm wants to generate more cash flow from operations in the next month or two, it could change its credit policy from 2/10 net 30 to net 60.
D) managing working capital is important because it influences financing decisions and the firm's profitability.
E) a company may hold a relatively large amount of cash and marketable securities if it is uncertain about its volume of sales, profits, and cash flows during the coming year.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

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Other things held constant, if a firm "stretches" (i.e., delays paying) its accounts payable, this will lengthen its cash conversion cycle (CCC).

A) True
B) False

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Other things held constant, which of the following would tend to reduce the cash conversion cycle?


A) place larger orders for raw materials to take advantage of price breaks.
B) take all cash discounts that are offered.
C) continue to take all cash discounts that are offered and pay on the net date.
D) offer longer payment terms to customers.
E) carry a constant amount of receivables as sales decline.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

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Which of the following statements is CORRECT?


A) although short-term interest rates have historically averaged less than long-term rates, the heavy use of short-term debt is considered to be an aggressive strategy because of the inherent risks associated with using short-term financing.
B) if a company follows a policy of "matching maturities," this means that it matches its use of common stock with its use of long-term debt as opposed to short-term debt.
C) net working capital is defined as current assets minus the sum of payables and accruals, and any decrease in the current ratio automatically indicates that net working capital has decreased.
D) if a company follows a policy of "matching maturities," this means that it matches its use of short-term debt with its use of long-term debt.
E) net working capital is defined as current assets minus the sum of payables and accruals, and any increase in the current ratio automatically indicates that net working capital has increased.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

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Arnold Inc. purchases merchandise on terms of 2/10 net 30, and it always pays on the 30th day. The CFO calculates that the average amount of costly trade credit carried is $375,000. What is the firm's average accounts payable balance?(Assume a 365-day year.)


A) $458,160
B) $482,273
C) $507,656
D) $534,375
E) $562,500

F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

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The concept of permanent current operating assets reflects the fact that some components of current assets do not shrink to zero even when a business is at its seasonal or cyclical low. Thus, permanent current operating assets represent a minimum level of current assets that must be financed.

A) True
B) False

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Hinkle Corporation buys on terms of 2/15, net 60 days. It does not take discounts, and it typically pays on time, 60 days after the invoice date. Net purchases amount to $550,000 per year. On average, what is the dollar amount of total trade credit (costly + free) the firm receives during the year, i.e., what are its average accounts payable? (Assume a 365-day year, and note that purchases are net of discounts.)


A) $90,411
B) $94,932
C) $99,678
D) $104,662
E) $109,895

F) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

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"Stretching" accounts payable is a widely accepted, entirely ethical, and costless financing technique.

A) True
B) False

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The cash conversion cycle (CCC) combines three factors: The inventory conversion period, the average collection period, and the payables deferral period, and its purpose is to show how long a firm must finance its working capital. Other things held constant, the shorter the CCC, the more effective the firm's working capital management.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following actions should Reece Windows take if it wants to reduce its cash conversion cycle?


A) take steps to reduce the dso.
B) start paying its bills sooner, which would reduce the average accounts payable but not affect sales.
C) sell common stock to retire long-term bonds.
D) sell an issue of long-term bonds and use the proceeds to buy back some of its common stock.
E) increase average inventory without increasing sales.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

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