Question 1

Which of the following approaches was referred to as the "third force" in American psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  psychoanalysis
B)  functionalism
C)  humanistic psychology
D)  cognitive psychologyE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 2

Which of the following phrases would be an acceptable operational definition for anxiety?

Accepted Answer

A)  unpleasant emotional state
B)  feelings of worry, tension, dread, or fear
C)  asking people to rate their current level of anxiety on a 1-to-10 scale
D)  None of the other alternatives is correct because anxiety is a subjective emotional state that cannot be operationally defined.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 3

Your therapist is very interested in your dreams, memory blocks, and slips of the tongue. On which approach to psychology is your therapist probably basing his psychotherapy?

Accepted Answer

A)  structuralism
B)  psychoanalysis
C)  behaviorism
D)  functionalismE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 4

The first African American to receive a Ph.D. in psychology in the United States was:

Accepted Answer

A)  Francis C. Sumner.
B)  Abraham Maslow.
C)  G. Stanley Hall.
D)  Margaret Floy Washburn.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Physiology is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a branch of biology that studies the functions and parts of living organisms, including humans.
B)  the idea that mind and body are separate entities.
C)  the first major school of thought in psychology.
D)  sometimes referred to as the "third force" in American psychology.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

Researchers interested in how sleep deprivation affected performance randomly assigned participants to groups that had one, two, or three nights of sleep deprivation. Then they tested their reaction times on a standard motor reaction task. The dependent variable in this experiment was:

Accepted Answer

A)  the amount of sleep deprivation each group was subjected to.
B)  how much sleep each group needed following the sleep deprivation experiment.
C)  the reaction times of the three groups on the standard motor reaction task.
D)  how often the participants fell asleep during the sleep deprivation phase of the experiment.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 7

Humanistic psychology was called the "third force" because it:

Accepted Answer

A)  provided an alternative viewpoint to the two approaches that were dominant at the time, behaviorism and psychoanalysis.
B)  was based upon the belief that there were three forces that motivated all human behavior.
C)  proposed that there were three methods that could be used to scientifically study human behavior.
D)  was composed of three separate branches, or schools.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 8

Behaviorists viewed human behavior as being shaped and maintained by _____, Rogers emphasized _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  unconscious processes; conscious processes
B)  free will; both internal and external causes
C)  external causes; self-determination, free will, and the importance of choice
D)  self-determination, free will, and personal choice; external causesE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

Who was the first woman to be elected president of the American Psychological Association?

Accepted Answer

A)  Margaret Floy Washburn
B)  Sandra Bem
C)  Mary Whiton Calkins
D)  Rebecca SnyderE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 10

A hypothesis is a(n) :

Accepted Answer

A)  tentative statement that describes the relationship between two or more variables.
B)  geometrical construct often used in statistical analyses.
C)  theory that has been proven.
D)  operational definition assigned to the independent variable.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

Theresa is interested in a relatively new area of psychology that focuses on the conditions and processes that contribute to optimal functioning of people, groups, and institutions. She believes that psychology should be concerned with topics such as personal happiness, optimism, creativity, wisdom, and the social institutions that foster these qualities in individuals and communities. Her views are MOST consistent with the _____ perspective in psychology.

Accepted Answer

A)  biological
B)  behavioral
C)  positive psychology
D)  psychodynamicE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 12

Ethnocentrism refers to the tendency to:

Accepted Answer

A)  behave in accordance with cultural norms.
B)  stress the importance of cross-cultural psychology.
C)  use your own culture as the standard for judging other cultures.
D)  deny your ethnic heritage.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 13

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Greek philosopher Aristotle first defined psychology as the "scientific study of behavior and mental processes."
B)  In contemporary psychology, the nature-nurture issue explores the relative influences of heredity versus environmental factors on behavior.
C)  The mind-body issue has now been settled, and psychologists no longer explore the relationship between mental activity and the brain.
D)  The principle of interactive dualism was formulated by Aristotle more than 2,000 years ago.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 14

McNair has been studying the effects of different levels of estrogen on mating behaviors in male and female hamsters. Dr. McNair is MOST likely a _____ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive
B)  developmental
C)  biological
D)  clinicalE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 15

Which of the following is a definition of experimental research?

Accepted Answer

A)  research strategy that allows the precise conclusion of how strongly two factors are related to each other
B)  method of study that involves an intensive, in-depth investigation of a single individual or small group of individuals
C)  systematic observation and recording of behaviors as they occur in their natural setting
D)  research method used to determine a cause-and-effect relationship between changes in one variable and the effect that is produced on another variableE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 16

Which early school of psychology relied on a method called introspection?

Accepted Answer

A)  functionalism
B)  humanism
C)  behaviorism
D)  structuralismE) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 17

The research method that is used to demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship between changes in one variable and the effects on another variable is called _____ research.

Accepted Answer

A)  descriptive
B)  correlational
C)  experimental
D)  meta-analyticE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 18

After conducting a statistical analysis of responses to a survey, Professor Patterson finds a correlation of +2.36 between participation in sporting events and physical injuries. This finding indicates that:

Accepted Answer

A)  Professor Patterson has made a serious error in calculating the correlation coefficient.
B)  a cause-and-effect relationship exists between participation in sporting events and physical injuries.
C)  as participation in sporting events increases, the risk of physical injury also increases.
D)  as participation in sporting events decreases, the risk of physical injury increases.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 19

As a psychology researcher, you have found that the public expression of emotions differs among people in the United States, Japan, Switzerland, and Israel. This type of research fits BEST with which perspective in psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  evolutionary
B)  cross-cultural
C)  cognitive
D)  humanisticE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 20

Which of the following was the first school of thought or approach in psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  structuralism
B)  functionalism
C)  behaviorism
D)  psychoanalysisE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Exam 1: Section 2: Introduction and Research Methods

Your therapist is very interested in your dreams, memory blocks, and slips of the tongue. On which approach to psychology is your therapist probably basing his psychotherapy?

Correct Answer
verified

Behaviorists viewed human behavior as being shaped and maintained by _, Rogers emphasized _.

Correct Answer
verified

The first African American to receive a Ph.D. in psychology in the United States was:

Correct Answer
verified

The research method that is used to demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship between changes in one variable and the effects on another variable is called _____ research.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Physiology is:

Correct Answer
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Ethnocentrism refers to the tendency to:

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Correct Answer
verified

Which early school of psychology relied on a method called introspection?

Correct Answer
verified

McNair has been studying the effects of different levels of estrogen on mating behaviors in male and female hamsters. Dr. McNair is MOST likely a _____ psychologist.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is a definition of experimental research?

Correct Answer
verified

Humanistic psychology was called the "third force" because it:

Correct Answer
verified

As a psychology researcher, you have found that the public expression of emotions differs among people in the United States, Japan, Switzerland, and Israel. This type of research fits BEST with which perspective in psychology?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following approaches was referred to as the "third force" in American psychology?

Correct Answer
verified

Researchers interested in how sleep deprivation affected performance randomly assigned participants to groups that had one, two, or three nights of sleep deprivation. Then they tested their reaction times on a standard motor reaction task. The dependent variable in this experiment was:

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following phrases would be an acceptable operational definition for anxiety?

Correct Answer
verified

A hypothesis is a(n) :

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following was the first school of thought or approach in psychology?

Correct Answer
verified

After conducting a statistical analysis of responses to a survey, Professor Patterson finds a correlation of +2.36 between participation in sporting events and physical injuries. This finding indicates that:

Correct Answer
verified

Who was the first woman to be elected president of the American Psychological Association?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 1: Section 2: Introduction and Research Methods

Your therapist is very interested in your dreams, memory blocks, and slips of the tongue. On which approach to psychology is your therapist probably basing his psychotherapy?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Behaviorists viewed human behavior as being shaped and maintained by _____, Rogers emphasized _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The first African American to receive a Ph.D. in psychology in the United States was:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The research method that is used to demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship between changes in one variable and the effects on another variable is called _____ research.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Physiology is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ethnocentrism refers to the tendency to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which early school of psychology relied on a method called introspection?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

McNair has been studying the effects of different levels of estrogen on mating behaviors in male and female hamsters. Dr. McNair is MOST likely a _____ psychologist.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a definition of experimental research?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Humanistic psychology was called the "third force" because it:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As a psychology researcher, you have found that the public expression of emotions differs among people in the United States, Japan, Switzerland, and Israel. This type of research fits BEST with which perspective in psychology?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following approaches was referred to as the "third force" in American psychology?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers interested in how sleep deprivation affected performance randomly assigned participants to groups that had one, two, or three nights of sleep deprivation. Then they tested their reaction times on a standard motor reaction task. The dependent variable in this experiment was:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following phrases would be an acceptable operational definition for anxiety?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A hypothesis is a(n) :

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following was the first school of thought or approach in psychology?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After conducting a statistical analysis of responses to a survey, Professor Patterson finds a correlation of +2.36 between participation in sporting events and physical injuries. This finding indicates that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Who was the first woman to be elected president of the American Psychological Association?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Behaviorists viewed human behavior as being shaped and maintained by _, Rogers emphasized _.

Correct Answer
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